The involvement of psychologists in medical settings has grown at a tremendous rate in recent years, with an ever-increasing number of medical environments developing and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and thus enabling psychologists to extend their practice beyond the traditional mental health model. In the context of prosthetic and orthotic practice, we suggest that the realization of the potential of technological innovations in this field may only fully be achieved by equipping prosthetists and orthotists not only with the technical expertise they require but also by fostering an awareness of the importance of psychosocial issues in amputation and rehabilitation, and an understanding of the psychological complexities pertaining to the therapeutic context. Rehabilitation after amputation is fundamentally dependent on the patient’s psychological adjustment to the injury; hence, practitioners’ sensitivity to psychosocial issues has clear practical implications both for successful prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation, and for continuing development and innovation in the discipline. This article highlights a number of key psychosocial issues of particular relevance to prosthetic and orthotic practice and of special importance to the rehabilitation of the amputee.