Sleep and circadian clock disruption are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but the impact on neurocognitive performance is unclear. We assessed whether chronotype and everyday circadian misalignment manifested as social jetlag were associated with inter-individual neurocognitive performance across domains of attention, inhibitory control and decision making. One hundred and eighty-eight healthy young adults were assessed for sleep and circadian properties and performed two neurocognitive tasks, the Continuous Performance Test and the Iowa Gambling Task. Social jetlag was associated with significantly faster and less variable reaction times and commission errors on the Continuous Performance Test. Poorer subjective sleep quality was associated with poorer decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. No effects were present for polymorphisms in the circadian clock genes CLOCK and PER3. We conclude that circadian disruption shaped by everyday environmental factors may impact on attentional/ inhibitory performance but not on a measure of risky decision making.