The main aim of this paper is a new determination of transverse momentum dependence of unpolarized fragmentation function (TMD FF) in single inclusive hadron production in electron-positron annihilation (SIA) process. Motivated by the need for a reliable and consistent determination of TMD FFs, we use the most recent TMD production cross sections of charged pions (π±), kaons (K±), and protons/antiprotons (p/¯p) measured in inclusive e+e− collisions by Belle Collaboration. These datasets are the first transverse momentum dependence of identified light charged hadron measurements SIA process. In this analysis, referred to as SK19 TMD FFs, the common Gaussian distribution is used for the PhT dependent of the cross section. The uncertainties in the extraction of SK19 TMD FFs are estimated using the standard “Hessian” technique. We study the quality of the TMD FFs determined in this analysis by comparing with the available recent Belle cross sections measurement. For all hadron species, we found a very good agreement between this particular set of experimental data and the corresponding theory calculations over a relatively wide range of transverse momentum PhT. As a result of this study, suggestions are identified for possible future research considering the theory improvements and other available experimental observables.