The twentieth century was a century of wars and conflicts. The Spanish Civil War was one of them. This conflict, followed by almost four decades of dictatorship, affected Spain’s politics, economy and society at the time. And the consequences can still be seen today. The Spanish Civil War is the result of political tensions during the Second Republic (1931-1936). These political tensions are directly linked to the ‘deeply transformative’ reforms voted in by the Spanish Socialist Party (el PSOE), during the Second Republic. Among the reforms presented by the government of the Second Republic, the following were particularly new to Spain’s conserva-tive society: a ‘fairer’ distribution of land, the extension of the right to vote to women and soldiers, the reorganisation of the army, the redefinition of private property, the questioning of the relationship between church and state. Even on a European scale, some of these reforms appeared too pro-gressive for the 1930s. At that time, these reforms were not unanimously accepted. They were considered too ‘communist’ by big landowners, the clergy and supporters of right-wing parties. At that time in Europe, com-munism was seen as a growing threat.